Normally atoms have equal numbers of Protons with positive charge and Electrons with negative charge. This parity is upset when an electron sometimes moves to another atom because of friction, pressure or induction, and leaves the parent atom with a positive charge, or ionized. The energy that emerges thus remains stagnant until it is earthed or otherwise neutralized or an electrostatic discharge (ESD) takes place. If the charge builds up and the ESD is severe, it could have serious consequences like a person receiving a shock, which can sometimes be fatal, or equipment getting damaged, or even fire and explosion. The annual loss brought on by this phenomenon in the United States run into billions of dollars. Naturally, the problem has to be tackled effectively.

To start with, static electricity has to be located, say in a manufacturing plant, and its magnitude assessed, preferably by experts. Precision instruments for this task are available. The next step is to decide on the most suitable equipment or system to provide the required protection. Here a significant point is that the rate, or speed, at which the neutralizing should take place. Sudden drainage of the charge may damage some delicate equipment.

Since the problem starts with the loss of Electron in an atom, the logical method is to restore the balance by providing that particle. Spreading compressed ionized air with the help of blowers or pulsed DC bars is an effective system to neutralize static electricity. Antistatic tablemats and floor mats are also used. Another method is the use of an antistatic brush or nozzle. Neutralizing static electricity by conducting the charge to the ground can be achieved by proper earthing. Eliminators that can be strapped to the shoes also ground the charge. Some people use adjustable wristbands. There are also antistatic sprays and antistatic coatings for surfaces. Other instruments to eliminate static electricity include antistatic bars and air knives.

Major manufacturers of static eliminators would assess the threat perception and recommend the ideal protective system.